The Norwegian Health Care System Essay - 857 Words

The health care system of Norway is committed to providing health care services for all citizens regardless of income and to the principle of equal access to services. Accordingly, the health status of Norwegians is one of the best in the world, ranking much higher than that of the United States. The health care system in Norway is organized in three levels: local, regional, and national. The local level is represented by 434 municipalities; each municipality is responsible for providing all the services under primary health care to their population. The regional level has the responsibility for specialist health care and is represented by five regions. The national level is responsible for health care overall and is managed†¦show more content†¦Hospitals, mental health institutions, drug rehabilitation programs, and such services as laboratory and radiology are provided by the regional authorities. Each region has an enterprise that is owned by the state and is fully responsible for providing specialized health care to that regions’ inhabitants. Nationally, Norway’s parliament serves as the political decision-making body for health care. They are responsible for planning and subsidizing the education of health personnel, they develop and implement national health policies, and they are responsible for the funding of national health care. The Norwegian health care system is primarily funded by taxes but is supplemented by state grants and some user charges. National Insurance Scheme (NIS) was created in 1967 by the Norwegian government. It is a universal, tax-funded, single payer health system that covers 100 percent of the Norwegian citizens and residents, unless they opt out of it. The health status of the Norwegian population is considered one of the best in the world; yet, in 2003 Norway only spent 10.3% of their gross domestic product on health care. (4) The United States spends a much higher percent of our gross domestic p roduct than Norway, yet our life expectancy in the United States is ranked 27th. Norway’s life expectancy is ranked 14th. The difference in spending is felt to be caused by inflated prices for health care services in the United States. (3) AsShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Norwegian Health Care System Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pages8th richest country in the world and health care plays a huge part in the Norwegian society. Health care in Norway is thought to be more beneficial to the public, when compared to the U.S., in that they try their hardest to ensure that everyone there has access to health care. In this essay I will be comparing the Norwegian health care system to the United States health care system. Norway’s health care system is a socialized health care system. This system is state funded and is paid for by theRead MoreThe Us Health Care System1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe US health care system is can be difficult to understand since â€Å"many parts of the system are run by hundreds of individual organizations, including the government, nonprofit, and for profit enterprises (Understanding the US Healthcare system, 2015). Breaking down the US health care system into different parts will make it easier to understand, while showing the pros and cons, and how it impacts the role of nurses. Formally, I will do the same to Norway’s health care system and spot the similaritiesRead MoreGerman and Norwegian Elderly Care Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesGerman and Norwegian Elderly Care Key words care users, care workers, formal and family care provision, access to health care, barriers to health care, uninsured elderly, retirement homes Our elderly should be afforded the best possible care. This care should not only be financial but mentally and emotionally as well. They may not be able to care for themselves, but they have paid their dues, and took care of us now its our turn to take care of them. We were born into this world defenselessRead MoreWhat Is The Four Selected Articles844 Words   |  4 Pagesuse and suitability for the final Portfolio Project. Adoption of Routine Telemedicine in Norwegian Hospitals I found the article entitled â€Å"Adoption of Routine Telemedicine in Norwegian Hospitals: Progress Over 5 Years† (Zanaboni and Wootten, 2016) in the CSU-Global library, and the general topic is to analyze the rate of at which telemedicine has been utilized at the hospital level in Norway. The hospital system is broken up by the four (4) main geographic regions of the country, and the time periodRead MoreAffordable Care Act And Obamacare1171 Words   |  5 Pageshaving health care coverage as well as reducing the amount of non-emergent visits to the Emergency Room by adopting the Affordable Care Act (in its entirety)? In what ways can guidance provided by other countries help the state in closing the gap in availability, affordability, and coverage? Background: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (commonly known as Affordable Care Act and/or Obamacare) was signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23rd, 2010. The Affordable Care Act (ACA)Read MoreIntroduction. In Norway, The Judge Will Determine Whether984 Words   |  4 Pagesnot, the inmate is sentenced to indefinite psychiatric treatment. Inmates who are sentenced to life in prison will often have several mental evaluations over a period of time to determine if the sentence should be continued. Mental issues Norwegian prison systems run by a goal of reintegration. Through the progression of the sentence, the institution and personnel work to bettering the inmate with structure through financial and structural resources. Many of these disorders are unipolar depressiveRead MoreThe World Happiness Report Is Not The Elusive State Of Emotional Happiness1541 Words   |  7 Pageslegislature that improves the lives of all people in their countries. The World Happiness Report is a research-based paper that has been published by the United Nations for the past 3 years. They gather information from surveys, economic studies, health records, and national statistics. This information is gathered from every country in the world and is compiled and structured to find the most statistically happy country. 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After Norway gained it independence, it adopted a constitutional monarchy political system. The Norwegian Constitution was written, while the monarchy was still in control of the country. In addition, Norway has an electoral system, similar to the United States, which allow its citizens to participateRead MoreIncident Management Systems And The Ambulance Sector s Major Incident And Emergency Plans Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pagesfacilitate a resolution to the emergency. This paper will explore and critique the use of incident management systems to facilitate this coordination. It will explore the interplay between large national systems and the ambulance sector’s major incident and emergency plans. Do these systems work in practise and do one size fits all plans produce the desired result? Incident Management Systems (IMS) are structures used to manage and co-ordinate a response that is outside business as usual parameters

Functional areas in Tesco and Oxfam - 1531 Words

Functional areas in Tesco and Oxfam 1. Introduction In this report I am going to compare functional areas of two contrasting organisations Tesco and Oxfam. Tesco is aiming at achieving profit, investing and offerring services and products to customers.Oxfam is a non-profit organisation, helping people in crisis. Tesco is a British multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer, it has stores in 14 countries across Asia, Europe and North America and is the grocery market leader in UK, where it has a market share of around 30%. Oxfam is an international confederation of 17 organisations working in 90 countries worldwide to find solutions to poverty and related injustice around the world. It helps to provide training, education and†¦show more content†¦Executive Director Winnie Byanyima appointed in May 2013) provides strategic guidance, support, expertise and coordination across the global organisation. Through its 17 affiliates , oxfam works with people in over 90 countries to provide humanitarian relief in crisis, empower poor and marginalised people to gain social and economicShow MoreRelatedType of Organisational Structure and Purpose of Tesco and Oxfam2050 Words   |  9 PagesYear 12 Business P3 Unit 1 – The Business Environment Tesco and Oxfam are both huge global businesses who both sell products to the general public however are organised completely different. In this leaflet I will compare and contrast organisational structures of both companies. Type of organisational structure and purpose of Tesco and Oxfam Part A Tesco organisational structure is hierarchical. A hierarchical structure has many levels. Each level is controlled by one person. Hierarchical companiesRead MoreP1 P1 – Describe How Marketing Techniques Are Used to Market Products in Two Organisations.1571 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness that would do this is Walkers. They make thousands of packets and then sells them to large business such as Tesco, Tesco would be able to buy it for cheaper as they will be buying in a very large amount as they can stock allot of products. However charity shops will sell their products and with the entire surplus they send it off to the charity. An example of this is Oxfam, they will sell their products to the public and with all the surplus is sent off to the project they are currently onRead MoreP1: Describe How Marketing Techniques Are Used to Market Products in Two Organisations1753 Words   |  8 PagesP1: Describe how marketing techniques are used to market products in two organisations Tesco: Growth Strategy Tesco has a well established and reliable strategy for growth, which has allowed them to strengthen their business and drive expansion into new markets. 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Systematic Approach to Managing Ohs Free Essays

MODULE 1 SYTEMATIC APPROACH TO MANAGING OHS ASSESSMENT Module 1 PROJECT 1 Write a detailed report on the implementation of a systematic approach to managing OHS. Your report might be theoretical or based on your specific workplace. Ensure that you include the following: ?Requirements for record-keeping ?Sources of OHS information and data ?Consultative arrangements ?OHS action plans ?OHS specialists (internal or external) and technical advisors ? Other functional areas ?Proposed changes to the workplace Stakeholders Construction Australia is the company that I am employed by. We will write a custom essay sample on Systematic Approach to Managing Ohs or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our company offers services in refractory installation to all major industries. We are involved in the construction and maintenance of boilers, kilns, ovens, incinerators, etc. in power generation plants, heat treatment plants, chemical plants, steel mills, oil refineries and many more. We conduct high risk work such as demolition, confined space entry, working at heights, and work at extreme temperatures mainly in major hazard facilities. Due to the nature of our work it is vital that we have a system in place to manage Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). A systematic approach to managing OHS allows us to follow a structured framework that ensures primarily, we reduce the risks of injury or illness in the workplace or anyone affected by our activities and that we comply with all relevant laws and legislation. The main elements of an Occupational Health and safety management system (OHSMS) are: †¢Commitment and policy †¢Planning †¢Implementation †¢Measurement and evaluation Review and improvement These elements are incorporated into the system and involve consultation at all stages with stakeholders and key personnel of our organisation. The basis of this approach is a cycle of continuous improvement as illustrated below in fig. 1: When establishing a more systematic approach to managing safety, it is helpful to understand where your organisation is in terms of OHS maturity. Four levels of system maturity can be considered: †¢Immature (Troubled) †¢Reactive (Responsive) †¢Attentive (Managed) Mature (Value-Adding) Our company is at a mature level as we have established structures, systems and processes in place. We also have a shared belief that OHS is a critical aspect of personal and organisational performance and focus continually on improvement and ways to reduce risks. An effective OHSMS requires the participation of all parts of the organisation. To gain this commitment from people, senior management takes an active role in leadership, allocation of resources, consultative meetings and regular reviews of OHS. The first step in the systematic approach to OHS is to develop a comprehensive OHS policy that states the overall objectives and sets out the company’s commitment to health and safety. The policy should be sufficiently clear and be capable of being read by all relevant parties, internal and external. The policy should be endorsed by the most senior person, such as the CEO or managing director. Beroa’s OHS policy is attached to appendix A. Action plans are a vital part of the planning and implementation process. The organisation needs to determine the key regulatory requirements they must meet and also get an understanding of their major OHS risks and how they will be identified. Objectives, targets and key performance indicators (KPI’s) need to be set. These should incorporate both lead (e. g. number of safety audits conducted) and lag (e. g. number of lost time injuries) indicators. Lead indicators are commonly referred to as Positive Performance Indicators (PPI’s) that focus on assessing how successful an organisation is performing. Using a combination of both lead and lag indicators will provide the best outcomes. A plan is vital to ensure targets are reached in a systematic way and it should be linked to the organisation’s strategic plan. The plan should allocate resources and timelines and can be used to monitor development of the OHSMS. Appendix B is a Beroa action plan that we have in place. It outlines the systems that we use to ensure that we are compliant with legislation and we are fulfilling the objectives of our OHS policy. We use policies and procedures, inductions, meetings, toolbox meetings, consultation, pre-start checks and regular training and development to deliver all our processes. Our documented policies for hazard identification and hazard/risk assessment, make sure that we remain regulatory compliant through our business activities. Consultation with workplace personnel, OHS professionals, insurers and other relevant group is undertaken to ensure that we develop a safe workplace and mentality. We aim to translate legislation into a language that can be comprehended at all levels. This allows people to understand and participate with feeling unsure or confused. Beroa has an open door policy on all aspects especially OHS. Consultation is the best tool that we use in our workplace. The changing nature of our working conditions on a constant basis means that we need to know what is going on so we can make sure that we remain compliant and that our systems are working appropriately. Our consultation procedure (Appendix C) acts as an information highway between management and employees, so that if any changes are required they can be made, documented and then implemented into the system. We use the consultation processes with all stakeholders that are involved in our OHSMS, these include but are not limited to: †¢Management †¢Administration †¢Clients †¢Employees †¢Suppliers †¢Unions †¢Work cover and other relevant authorities †¢Insurers †¢Public †¢OHS and technical experts All information gathered from stakeholders is considered and used in the development of our systems, policies and procedures. The applied procedures that our company has in place allow us to constantly monitor and evaluate our performance. Daily toolbox discussions, training, weekly meetings, management meetings, safety audits and safety checklists (Appendix D) are some of the tools we use to monitor and evaluate. Major policies are reviewed every 2-3 years or as required. The nature of our work requires that we retain specific records for specified times in order to comply with legislation. These include: Confined space entry- we retain entry permits for 1 month, risk assessments/JSA for 5 years, training records for the term of employees employment plus 7 years and any notifiable incidents for 2 years after the incident occurs. Health monitoring records- these must be kept for 30 years after they are recorded and 40 years for asbestos related documents. These records must be kept confidential. Hazardous chemicals register- we keep registers of any chemicals that are stored. We list them and keep material safety data sheets, which are readily available to employees or anybody that could be affected by the chemical. We have two methods of record keeping, hard copy and electronic. All documents are kept on both. Within the electronic system we have a sub-system called Timberline. This system is passcode protected and has restricted access; all personal details and personal health records are kept in this system for confidentiality. Our OHS manager has access along with relevant management. Project files for each client are kept and updated after completion of each project. Documents included include attendance sheets, JSA’s, toolbox meetings, materials and equipment, inductions, training, client feedback, performance reports, safety audits and observations. Employee records such as inductions and qualifications are also kept and updated when needed. We also keep lists of OHS safety representatives and are readily accessible and up to date. OHS affects all aspects of an organisation. An effective OHS system allows other functional areas to thrive and exploit the benefits. The reduction and elimination of work place injuries will reduce the cost of workers comp premiums, limit sick days and reduce the money spent on rehabilitation, all this eases the strain of budgeting systems and also allows more resources for training and information of OHS. Public relations will find it easier representing our positive results in safety and compliance to existing and future clients, public and relevant authorities. It will also reduce the workload of administration allowing them time to work on other aspects of the business. Our OHS system allows our employees to take an active role in all aspects in relation to the system. This gives them a sense of ownership and the drive to make sure that we reach and outperform our goals and objectives. How to cite Systematic Approach to Managing Ohs, Papers

Business Law for Mistake and Misrepresentation- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Law for Mistake and Misrepresentation. Answer: Void: (D) to cancel, revoke or repeal or to treat a contract as is it never existed. Voidable: (A) can be declared void at the option of the innocent parties. Legal outcomes can be achieved until option is existed. Rescind: (C) legally non-existent. No legal outcomes are possible. A contract treated as if it never existed. Rescission :(B) to put a contract to an end such a way as to treat it as if it is never existed. In certain times, it has been observed that one party to a contract get the consent of the others by way of coercion or undue influence (Chew 2017). In this process, the aggrieved party shall have the power to cancel the contract. This is known as rescind a contract. However, the party will lose this right by way of following: If the party agrees to continue the contract even after knowing his right to rescind the contract. If the position of the aggrieved party has been lost or the subject matter of the contract has been destroyed, the party will lose the right. It is required that the aggrieved party will apply the right within appropriate time. Yhe legal remedy for misrepresentation is to make the contract voidable as per the will of the innocent party. The legal remedy of mistake is to declare the contract void at the very inception of the contract. Unilateral mistakes are such kind of mistake (Poole 2016). Equitable remedies are available for operating the conscience of the defendant and they are based on the discretion of the court (Gergen 2013). In case of mistake, the common law prescribes the remedy to revoke the contract treated as void at the beginning and in certain situation; the contract can be voidable in nature. In this case, an equitable remedy can also be claimed. Besides mistake of law and mistake of facts, mistake can be divided into three categories. They are: unilateral mistake, mutual mistake and common mistake. When one party to a contract do the mistake, it cause unilateral mistake. Caveat emptor can be a good example of it. When both the parties to the contract had caused mistake, it becomes mutual mistake. Meeting of mind plays an important role in this case. An important case in this behalf is Raffles v Wichelhaus (1864). When in a contract, both the parties do similar mistakes regarding certain facts, it will be treated as common mistake. The principle of common mistake has been proved in the case of Bell v Lever Bros. Ltd [1932]. Decision of the court of House of Lords regarding the case of Cundy v Lindsay [1877] is that no agreement had made in between the parties regarding the handkerchief and it can therefore be stated that a contract can be revoked automatically. In case of Phillips v Brooks Ltd [1919], it was held by the court that a contract can only be revoked after the meeting of minds of the parties. The similarities are that both the cases are attracting the provinces of mistake and both the cases are from the English provisions of law. In both the cases, the principle regarding make the contract void have been applied. It has been held in the case of Cundy v Lindsay [1877] that when the terms of the contract are based on the fraud, there is no existence of contract in between the parties. In this case, it has been observed that Cundy has been given certain goods to the purchaser and the contract made between them is based on fraud and therefore, it is the right if Cundy to get back all the goods he delivered to the ultimate purchaser. The facts of the case are based on the principle of mistake to identity. It has been observed in the case that Phillips ran a jewellery shop and sold a ring to a person who fraudulently told a different name to Phillip and gave him a bounced cheque. After that the person pawned the ring to one Brook. The court had decided that Phillip could not retrieve the ring from Brook as he is allowed to recover the ring from that person who came to his shop only as the contract was made in between them and not with Brook. Phillip has a right to rescind the contract made between him and the person who had falsified his identity to Phillip. Phillip could rescind the contract on the basis of this. This term is used under the provision of common law. It means when a party purchased certain properties without the notice of any other partys claim to the title of that property (Harder 2014). Following are the three types of misrepresentation that are fraudulent misrepresentation, negligent misrepresentation and innocent misrepresentation. Element of fraudulent representation is to make a false statement knowingly. Element of negligent misrepresentation is failure to ensure reasonable care (Davies 2016). Element of innocent misrepresentation is when a party represent something by knowing the fact as true. Following are the three types of misrepresentation that are as follows: Fraudulent misrepresentation- Bisset v Wilkinson [1927] AC 177 Negligent misrepresentation- Johnson v Chesebrough 918 Supp. 543 In fraudulent misrepresentation, a representation will be made that is needed to be false. In this case, the wrongdoer has the knowledge regarding the falsification of the matter and the intention of the defendant is to misguide the plaintiff. It is required under the law that an opinion must be made falsely. If the express of opinion is based on an honest opinion, it will not cause any misrepresentation.5. It is a fact that mere silence could not constitute misrepresentation. However, if silence occurs regarding the procession of a negotiation process, it can be accurate to make the misrepresentation. It has been observed in case Redgrave v Hurd (1881) that a contract can be rescinded even for the innocent misrepresentation. It is necessary to verify the false statement. The party can rescind the contract under the misrepresentation. Damages can also be claimed in such cases. Negligent misrepresentation. Innocent misrepresentation. Innocent negligence Issue: The main issue of the case is whether Marcel has any legal right against the written agreement or not. Rules: The case is based on the misrepresentation of fact and fraudulent misrepresentation. Application: It has been observed in the case that the car seller told Marcel to give him a high quality tyre for the car he bought. However, later it was proved that the tyres are not good. Therefore, fraud has been done by the seller. Conclusion: Marcel can sue the seller to the court under misrepresentation and claim damage from the car seller. Reference: Chew, C.Y., 2017. Mistake in its variety of forms: the injustice of giving securities supporting financial institution debts on an error of judgement or without informed consent. Davies, P.S., 2016. RESCISSION FOR MISREPRESENTATION. The Cambridge Law Journal, 75(1), pp.15-17. Gergen, M.P., 2013. Negligent misrepresentation as contract. Harder, S., 2014. Claims between a person liable for misrepresentation and the representee's contract-partner. Journal of Business Law, (2), pp.121-139. Korobkin, R., 2013. The borat problem in Negotiation: Fraud, assent, and the behavioral law and economics of standard form contracts. California Law Review, pp.51-106. Lando, H., 2016. Optimal rules of negligent misrepresentation in insurance contract law. International Review of Law and Economics, 46, pp.70-77. Poole, J., 2016. Textbook on contract law. Oxford University Press. Smith, J.T., 2017. Cheater's Justice: Judicial Recourse for Victims of Gaming Fraud. UNLV Gaming LJ, 7, pp.61-223.